ENGLISH GRAMMAR ARTICLES

ARTICLES (DETERMINERS)

A

rticles are a special kind of Adjectives. They must agree with the noun they describe.

There are two Articles in grammar:

Indefinite Article           ====   a/an

Definite Article ====   the

 USES OF INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A/An)

• A/An are used before a Single Countable Noun.

E.g. There is a whiteboard, a projector and a microphone in our class.

        An insane person cannot be a partner in a firm.

CHOICE BETWEEN ‘A’ OR ‘An’

• The choice between use of ‘A’ or ‘An’ is determined by sound of vowel. If the sound of word begins with a vowel sound, use ‘An’ indefinite article. In all other cases, use ‘A.’

E.g.      An answer, an enemy, an ignorant man, an honorable person, an hour, an honest lad, an order, an unidentified place, an X-ray film.

E.g.      A man, a horror movie, a yard, a one-day match, a university, a year.

USE OF INDEFINITE ARTICLES

• To point out a common noun in general sense.                                                   E.g. I have a black and an orange tie.  
• To mention a proper noun’s status. E.g. Jonah was a prophet of God.
• To mention a unit quantity. E.g. Twelve pieces make a dozen.

USE OF DEFINITE ARTICLES

1. To make a common noun particular. E.g. There is a shop beside my home. The shop deals in confectionery items.                                                             (‘Shop’ in the second sentence is same as introduced in the first)  
2. For nouns representing a whole class or group. E.g. The mango is the king of all fruits.
3. Before some proper place names like:

a)      Ocean/Seas, e.g. The Arabian Sea, the Atlantic Ocean.

b)      Rivers/deserts, e.g. The Indus, the Tharparkar.

c)      A few lengthy names, e.g. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (the                                         Pakistan), The Count of Monte Cristo.

4. Before names of certain books, e.g. The Quran, the Company’s Ordinance.
5. Before things of unique kind, e.g. the sun, the moon, the earth, the planet.
6. With Superlative adjectives, e.g. The best, the least, the most.
7. With double comparatives, e.g. the more you practice, the better your result will be. The higher the humidity, the more will be the temperature.
8. Before ordinals, e.g. the first, the second, the last.

ARTICLES NO REQUIRED!!!

“Insert articles only where necessary.”

Articles must be omitted in the following cases:

1. When some proper nouns are already introduced, E.g. The Mount Everest is known for its height.
2. Before all plural countable nouns used in general sense, E.g. The Kids like chocolates.
3. For all abstract nouns. E.g. The Beauty dwells in the eye of beholder. 
4. For all uncountable nouns, E.g. I have some the rice to eat.
5. Before names of substance, E.g. The gold is precious metal.

Before all languages, E.g. They speak the Sindhi at home

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