PREPOSITIONS
P
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preposition is a word that establishes relationship between
noun and noun/pronoun, noun and adjective, and verb and noun. Usually the
preposition is placed just before the word it governs, but a preposition may
also come afterwards notably in questions and in relative and interrogative
sentences.
We can roughly classify prepositions under the following
heads.
- Preposition of place or position.
- Preposition of time.
- Preposition of motion.
- THE
PREPOSITION DENOTING PLACE OR POSITION
These prepositions denote place or position in terms of
distance. E.g. ‘On’, ‘Over’, ‘All-over’, ‘Above’, ‘In’, ‘Under’, ‘Below’,
‘Against’, ‘Beside’, ‘By’, ‘Near’, ‘Between’, ‘Before’ etc
- PREPOSITION OF
TIME
They can be of two types, Definite and Indefinite.
Indefinite prepositions do not have any time limit. E.g. ‘Ago’ may be an hour
ago or a year ago. But definite prepositions give an exact idea of time, e.g.
‘Since’, ‘For’, ‘To’, ‘From’, ‘On’, ‘Of’, ‘At’, ‘In’.
- PREPOSITION OF
MOTION
Some prepositions denote motion or movement, e.g. ‘After’,
‘Across’, ‘Through’, ‘Along’.
Here is the list of some
commonly used adjectives and preposition:
§
Addicted to a habit
§
Affectionate to someone
§
Afraid of something
§
Angry at/about a situation
§
Angry with someone
§
Ashamed of guilt
§
Busy with some work
§
Capable of something
§
Confident of success
§
Conscious of something
§
Deficient in something
§
Disappointed with someone
§
Disappointed over some issue
§
Disgusted with someone
§
Envious of someone
§
Favorable to someone
§
Gifted with an ability
§
Good at something
§
Grateful to someone
§
Guilty of a crime
§
Ignorant of something
§
Inclined towards something
§
Increase/decrease in something
§
Indifferent to something
§
Jealous of someone
§
Obliged to someone
§
Occupied with some work
§
Qualified for a post
§
Proud of some deed
§
Satisfied with something
§
Short of something
§
Slow at something
§
Sorry for something
§
Suitable for a purpose
§
Sure of something
§
Worthy of praise
Here is the list of some commonly used nouns and
prepositions:
§
According to something
§
Access to someone/something
§
Attachment to someone
§
Appetite for food
§
Ambition for something
§
Attention to something
§
Comparison with someone
§
Contempt for someone
§
Confidence in someone
§
Cure for something
§
Descendent of something
§
Difference between two or more
§
Due to something
§
Escape from something
§
Famous for something
§
Faith in a person/belief
§
Failure of something
§
Habit of doing something
§
Honest to someone
§
In accordance with something
§
Indebted to someone
§
Interest in something
§
Need for something
§
Objection to something
§
Proficiency in something
§
Punishment for a crime
§
Superiority over something
§
Victim of circumstances
§
Attention to an issue
§
Command over a topic
§
Concern about a problem
§
Control of something
§
Desire for something
§
Expert in a subject
§
Fondness for something
§
Hunger for something
§
Invitation to a party
§
Love for something
§
Prejudice against someone
§
Proof of something
§
Recovery from illness
§
Relation with someone
§
Request for leave
§
Substitute for something
§
Thankful to someone
§
Witness to something
Here is a
list of some commonly used verbs and preposition:
§
Agree with a person
§
Agree on a plan
§
Aim at something
§
Apologize to someone
§
Arrive at a place
§
Bear with something
§
Belong to someone
§
Believe in God
§
Belong to someone
§
Busy with something
§
Call at home
§
Call on someone
§
Catch up with something
§
Cease from something
§
Certain of something
§
Clash with someone/thing
§
Correspond with something
§
Comment on someone/something
§
Complain of some problem
§
Complain against someone
§
Decide on something
§
Deprive of something
§
Depend on something
§
Designed for someone/something
§
Derive from something
§
Dispose of something
§
Disagree from someone
§
Exclude from something
§
Fall in something
§
Fit for something
§
Guard against something
§
Insist on something
§
Invite to a party
§
Keep away from someone
§
Long for something
§
Look forward for something
§
Laugh at someone/thing
§
Look down upon someone
§
Object to someone/thing
§
Put up with someone
§
Quarrel over an issue
§
Recover from illness
§
Refer to a book
§
Reply to someone
§
Rely on someone
§
Remind of something
§
Stand by someone
§
Search for something
§
Sympathize with someone
§
Take revenge on someone
§
Tribute to someone
§
War against someone/thing
§
Wish for something
DISTINCTIVE USE OF CERTAIN
PREPOSITIONS
I.
At & In
§
When ‘At’ & ‘In’ are used as preposition of
motion, they represent the objects at rest. E.g.
Tea is in the pot at the table.
§
As preposition of time, ‘At’ is used for
ordinary/usual time period while ‘In’ represents a particular time period when
something happened.
E.g. He will reach here at
sunset. I will leave Karachi
at 6:00 p.m.
E.g. Jinnah died in
1948 A.D. (Means sometime in the year of 1948).
II.
Between & Among
§
‘Between’ suggests relations of two persons.
‘Among’ suggests relation of more than two persons.
E.g. Pakistan lies between India and Afghanistan .
E.g. Answer scripts were
distributed among students.
III.
In & Within
§
‘In’ is used with the reference of time. It
denotes ‘at the end of the future period.’ ‘Within’ indicates ‘before the end
of the future time period.’
E.g. The syllabus shall be
completed within a year.
E.g. He will return my book
in a week.
IV. After
& In
§
‘After’ is used to denote at the end of time in
past. ‘In’ denotes at the end of period in future.
E.g. He came to Pakistan
after ten years. (=Past)
E.g. I shall return in
two months. (=Future)
V.
Above & Over
§
‘Above is used when the object is physically
placed. ‘Over’ is used to show supremacy.
E.g. The holy book is
placed above the shelf.
E.g. They discussed Kashmir issue over the lunch.
E.g. Over-aged
players should not be included in the team.
VI. Beside,
By & Near
§
‘Beside’ means ‘by the side of.’ ‘By’ means very
near. ‘Near’ means ‘at a short distance’.
E.g. Our institute is beside general
store and by the main road. It is near my home. (Incorrect= Near
to my home.)
VII.
By & Till
§
‘By’ means ‘not late’ and ‘till’ means ‘up to.’
E.g. Examination forms must
be submitted by May.
E.g. You should wait till
I come back.
VIII.
Since & For
§
‘Since’ is used for a point of time in past.
‘For’ is used to denote a period of time in past.
E.g. They have been living
here since partition. (Means 1947)
E.g. We have been surviving
hardships for a long time.
IX. Across,
Around & Along
§
‘Across’ means ‘stretching from one side to
another side straightly.’ ‘Around’ means ‘taking a round in full.’ ‘Along’
means ‘stretching longitudinally.’
E.g. He didn’t
walk around the garden but marched across the jogging park. That
jogging park is along the service road.
X.
In & Into
§
‘In’ indicates the state of rest. ‘Into’
indicates motion towards the inside of anything.
E.g. The principal is in
his room.
E.g. The river flows into
the sea.
XI. Besides
& Beside
§
‘Besides’ means ‘in addition to.’ ‘Beside’ means
near.
E.g. Besides
Accounting, we also study Economics and Finance.
E.g. My friend sits beside
me daily.
XII.
Despite & In spite of
§
Both prepositions mean ‘even though/although’
E.g. Our team lost the
match despite/in spite of good performance.
XIII.
On & Upon
§
‘On’ is used before the nouns at rest. ‘Upon’ is
used before nouns in motions.
E.g. It is a custom in our
society to sit on floor.
E.g. The dog sprang upon
the fox.
XIV.
Instead of & Except
§
‘Instead of’ means ‘in place of.’ ‘Except’ means
‘excluding something which is different.’
E.g. Today we will study
grammar instead of literature.
E.g. Almighty may forgive
all sins except those related to humanity.
SOME INTERESTING USE OF PREPOSITIONS
§
The battle is on. (‘On’ means in
progress)
§
The match is over. (‘Over’ means ended)
§
This is above by means. (‘Above’ means
more than or beyond)
§
He refused to work under me. (‘Under’
means subordinate to)
§
His remarks were beneath my notice.
(‘Beneath’ means unworthy of)
§
He is after the wealth these days.
(‘After’ means in pursuit of)
§
This is between you and me. (‘Between’
means concerned with)
§
He is down these days. (‘Down’ means
depressed)
§
What are you about? (‘About’ means doing)
§
The deal is through. (‘Through’ means
over)
§
He is over keen to leave. (‘Over’ means
too much)
§
All transactions are entered in ledgers.
(‘In’ means to record)
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