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Reported
Speech
Rule n°1 : When the reporting verb of the
main clause is in PRESENT or FUTURE, there is NO change in
the reporting clause except for PRONOUNS.
1. She says : « I practise sport
2 times a week. »
She says that she practises sport
2 times a week.
2. They will declare : « Our
school is very far. »
They will declare that their school
is very far.
Rule n°2 : When the reporting verb of the
main clause is in the PAST, here are the changes :
1. Tenses Change :
Direct Speech
|
Reported Speech
|
Present
Simple
|
Past
Simple
|
Present
Continuous / Progressive
|
Past
Continuous/ Progressive
|
Present
Perfect
|
Past
Perfect
|
Past
Simple
|
(alone)
Past Perfect
(with another tense) Past Simple
|
Past
Continuous
|
Past
Perfect Continuous
|
Past
Perfect
|
Past
Perfect
|
Future
Simple
|
Second
Conditional(would+ stem)
|
Future
Perfect
|
Third
Conditional(would have+past participle)
|
Modals
in the present
Can
/ may / must/ have to
|
Modals
in the past
Could
/ might / had to
|
2. Time adverbials &
demonstrative pronouns change :
Direct Speech
|
Reported Speech
|
this
|
that
|
these
|
those
|
today
|
that
day
|
tonight
|
that
night
|
now
|
at
that moment / then
|
up
to now
|
up
to that moment
|
until
now
|
until
that moment
|
yesterday
|
the
previous day / the day before
|
last……
|
the
previous…….
|
……ago
|
……before
|
tomorrow
|
the
following day / the day after
|
next……
|
the
following……
|
here
|
there
|
B/ Questions : 1. Yes / No questions : You use if / whether +
subject+ verb + the rest of the sentence+ full stop.
*Tom asks Betty : « Do
you speak English ? »
Tom asks Betty if / whether
she speaks English.
* Tom asked Betty :
« Do you speak English ? »
Tom asked Betty if/ whether
she spoke English.
2. Wh. questions : You use wh.word + subject +
verb + the rest of the sentence+ full stop.
* John wants to know :
« Where did Maria park the car yesterday ? »
John wants to know where Maria
parked the car yesterday.
* John wanted to know :
« Where did Maria park the car yesterday ? »
John wanted to know where
Maria had parked the car the day before / the previous day.
C/ Orders / Commands :
1. Positive Orders : You use the infinitive + the
rest of the sentence + full stop.
* They order us : « Revise
your lessons ! »
They order us to revise our
lessons.
*They ordered us :
« Revise your lessons ! »
They ordered us to revise our
lessons
2. Negative Orders : You use not + the infinitive +
the rest of the sentence + full stop.
* The mother orders her
son : « Don’t watch TV tonight ! »
The mother orders her son not
to watch TV tonight.
*The mother ordered her
son : « Don’t watch TV tonight ! »
The mother ordered her son not
to watch TV that night.
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