if (end == -1) Reported Speech

Tuesday, September 2, 2014

Reported Speech

Welcome to English Online Course here are direct and In Direct with example , chart and structure. This is also called Reported Speech or narrations  please check my last post Suicide is a solution to a temporary problem

Reported Speech

Reported Speech
             Rule n°1 : When the reporting verb of the main clause is in PRESENT or FUTURE, there is NO change in the reporting clause except for PRONOUNS.
1. She says : « I practise sport 2 times a week. »
She says that she practises sport 2 times a week.
2. They will declare : « Our school is very far. »
They will declare that their school is very far.
Rule n°2 : When the reporting verb of the main clause is in the PAST, here are the changes :
1. Tenses Change :
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
Present Simple

Past Simple
Present Continuous / Progressive

Past Continuous/ Progressive
Present Perfect

Past Perfect
Past Simple
                                              
(alone) Past Perfect
(with another tense) Past Simple
Past Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect

Past Perfect
Future Simple

Second Conditional(would+ stem)
Future Perfect

Third Conditional(would have+past participle)
Modals in the present
Can / may / must/ have to
Modals in the past
Could / might / had to

2. Time adverbials & demonstrative pronouns change :
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
this
that
these
those
today
that day
tonight
that night
now
at that moment / then
up to now
up to that moment
until now
until that moment
yesterday
the previous day / the day before
last……
the previous…….
……ago
……before
tomorrow
the following day / the day after
next……
the following……
here
there
          
             B/ Questions : 1. Yes / No questions : You use if / whether + subject+ verb + the rest of the sentence+ full stop.
*Tom asks Betty : « Do you speak English ? »
Tom asks Betty if / whether she speaks English.
* Tom asked Betty : « Do you speak English ? »
Tom asked Betty if/ whether she spoke English.
2. Wh. questions : You use wh.word + subject + verb + the rest of the sentence+ full stop.
* John wants to know : « Where did Maria park the car yesterday ? »
John wants to know where Maria parked the car yesterday.
* John wanted to know : « Where did Maria park the car yesterday ? »
John wanted to know where Maria had parked the car the day before / the previous day.
C/ Orders / Commands :
1. Positive Orders : You use the infinitive + the rest of the sentence + full stop.
* They order us : « Revise your lessons ! »
They order us to revise our lessons.
*They ordered us : « Revise your lessons ! »
They ordered us to revise our lessons
2. Negative Orders : You use not + the infinitive + the rest of the sentence + full stop.
* The mother orders her son : « Don’t watch TV tonight ! »
The mother orders her son not to watch TV tonight.
*The mother ordered her son : « Don’t watch TV tonight ! »
The mother ordered her son not to watch TV that night.



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