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Expressing Conditional sentences
In English, you use « if »
to express condition (a situation that may or may not happen according
to circumstances).
There are four (04) types
of condition :
If-Conditional Type Zero
1. If-Conditional Type
Zero : In this type of condition, both the if-clause
and the result clause are in the present simple and means that the
condition can be true at any time.
Example : If you heat water at 100° c, it boils.
Form : If + present simple, present
simple.
Since
the condition can be true at any time, you can replace « if »
by « when » or « whenever ».
Examples : If / When / Whenever you mix
red and blue, you get purple.
You get purple if / when /
whenever you mix red and blue.
If-Conditional Type One
2. If-Conditional Type One :
In this type
of condition, the if-clause is in the present simple while the result
clause is in the future simple. We use the first conditional to talk
about situations that are possible in the future.
Example : If it is sunny, we
will go to the beach. (= it’s possible that it will be sunny. So, we’ll
go to the beach).
Future possibility : If it is sunny,
Result : we will go to the beach.
Notes :
1. When if means if it is true
that, the present simple doesn’t describe something true at any time or a
general habit. So, when can’t replace if in the first
conditional.
If you take this medicine, you will
soon feel better.
2. We don’t use will in the if-clause
although it refers to the future.
If I pass my BAC exam, I will
celebrate.
3. Unless= if….not : Unless is used to replace if and the negative
form of the verb.
If you don’t keep quiet, I will
not start the lesson.
Unless you keep quiet, I will
not start the lesson.
I will not start the lesson
unless you keep quiet.
4. In the first conditional, « will »
can be replaced by « may » or « can » to mean
permission, possibility…..etc.
*Permission : If your car is broken, you can take
mine.
*Possibility : If you don’t
revise your lessons, you may fail your exams.
5. Provided (that), providing
(that), as long as and
so long as mean the same as but only if or if and only if.
*Providing / Provided (that) you work harder, you will pass
your exam.
* You will pass your exam provided/
providing (that) you work harder.
(= you will pass your exam but only if
you work harder.)
* As long as / So long as she
studies harder, she will pass the exam.
* She will pass the exam as long as /
so long as she studies harder.
(= She will pass the exam but only if she
works harder.)
If-conditional Type Two
3. If-conditional Type Two :
In this type
of condition, the if-clause is in the past simple while the result
clause is would + stem (infinitive without « to »). We
use the second conditional to talk about the present, and to imagine
something totally different from the real situation.
Examples :
*If I were at home now, I would
watch TV. (= I am not at home now, so I’m not watching TV.)
*If he had a visa now, he would go
abroad. (= He doesn’t have a visa now, so he is not going abroad.)
Notes :
1. We use were with all pronouns in
the if-clause of the second conditional.
If I / you / he / she
/ we / they were rich, we / I / you / he
/ she / they would (‘d) travel to Australia.
2. In the second conditional, we can replace
would by could or might.
If Martians invaded our planet, they could
exterminate us.
If-conditional Type Three
4. If-conditional Type
Three : In
this type of condition, the if-clause is in the past perfect while the
result clause is would+ have+ the past participle of the verb. We use
the third conditional to talk about unreal situations in the past.In
other words, it is used to talk about things which didn’t happen in the
past.
Example :
If I had studied harder, I would
have passed the exam.(= I didn’t study harder.So, I didn’t pass the exam.)
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