today i am going to share English Grammar Lesson
Articles
English language
has two articles, “the and a/an”. An article is used for a
noun. An article like an adjective modifies a noun. For example, a
book, the book, a cup, the cup, an umbrella, the umbrella The article “the” is called definite
article and the article “a/an” is called indefinite article.
Types of Articles
There are two
articles in English language. 1. Indefinite article: a/an 2. Definite article: the
An article is used
before a noun or an adjective modifying a noun.
Definite Article: (the)
The definite
article "the" is used for a definite, specific or
particular noun. Example. He bought the shirt. The article “the” before the noun “shirt” in
above sentence means that the shirt, he bought, is a specific or particular
shirt and not any shirt.
Indefinite
Article: (a/an)
The definite
article “a/an” is used for indefinite, non-specific or non-particular (common)
noun. Example. He bought a shirt. The article “a” before shirt in above sentence
means that the shirt he bought is any shirt and not a specific shirt.
Rules for using Indefinite Article
(a/an)
The article form
“a” is used before a word (singular) beginning with a consonant, or a vowel
with a consonant sound. e.g. a book, a cat, a camera, a university, a European
The article form
“an” is used before a word (singular) beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or
consonant with vowel sound (or beginning with mute h ).
e.g. an apple, an elephant, an
umbrella, an hour,
1. Before a singular noun which is countable
For example
He bought a book
She is
eating an apple.
2. Before a singular noun which refers to a class of
things.
e.g means For example
An orange is rich in vitamins.
3. Before a name of a profession
For example.
She wants to be a doctor
He is an engineer.
4. For certain expressions of quantity
For example
a lot of, a few, a couple, a dozen
5. For certain numbers.
For example
a hundred, a thousand, a million
6. Before a singular, countable noun in exclamation.
For example.
What a beautiful flower!
What a nice
shirt!
Note
7. Article a/an is not used before uncountable nouns
For example
water, milk, sand etc
Rules for using definite Article
(the)
The article “the”
can be used both before a singular and plural noun according to the following
grammatical rules.
e.g. the book, the books
1. Before the place, object or group of object which is
unique or considered to be unique and
geographical region and points on globe.
e.g. the earth, the moon, the sky, the stars, the north pole, the equator
2. For a noun which becomes definite or particular
because it is already mentioned and is being mentioned
a second time.
e.g. The teacher helped a
student and the
student became
happy.
3. For a noun made specific or definite in a clause or a
phrase.
e.g. The old lady, The girl with blue eyes, The boy that I saw, The nice red shirt
4. Before superlatives, and first,
second,.. etc, and only
e.g. The best day, The only method,the second month,
5. Before a phrase composed of a proper and common noun
e.g. The New York city , The river Nile , The library of Congress
6. Before the names of organizations
e.g. The Association of Chartered Accountants, The
World Health Organization
7. Before names of scientific principles, theories, laws
etc.
e.g. the Pythagorean theorem,
the laws of Newton ,
The Fahrenheit
Scale. But no article will be used for these
names if written in forms like, Newton ’s Law, Dalton ’s Law of Partial
Pressures, Hook’s Law of Elasticity
8. Article “the” is not used for names of universities if
written in forms like Oxford University, Yale University ,
Columbia University . But article
“the” is used if names of university are written
in forms like The University of Oxford , The University of Yale , The University of Toronto .
§
9. Article “the” is not used for
names of countries of places.
e.g. New York, America,
Mexico, Japan, London. Butarticle
“the” is used for a name, if it expresses a group
of place, states, or land.
e.g. The United States, The Philippines, The
Netherlands
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